What are the most effective approaches for planning and executing a large-scale application moderniz

Q: What are the most effective approaches for planning and executing a large-scale application modernization initiative?

I'm part of an IT leadership team at a mid-sized organization, and we’re starting to explore application modernization to improve scalability, agility, and overall business efficiency. Many of our critical systems are legacy applications that have been in place for over a decade, and we’re facing challenges with performance, integration, and maintaining outdated code. We’ve heard a lot about strategies like containerization, microservices, DevOps practices, and cloud-native architecture, but it’s overwhelming to decide where to start.

My question to the forum is: